Trachyspermum ammi Seed Ethanolic Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation on A549 Lung Cancer Cell: An In-vitro Analysis

Introduction: Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer, accounting for one in every five male cancers and one in every nine female cancers. Lung cancer treatment is dictated by the cell type of the illness, the amount to which it has spread, and the patient's general condition. It is well understood that tumours confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in part due to apoptotic pathway malfunction in cancer cells.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti proliferative activity of the ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi (T.ammi) seeds against A549 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells.

Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity and anti-cancer effects of ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi (T.ammi) seeds against A549 cells were analyzed using MTT assay and morphological analysis by inverted phase contrast microscopy.

Results: The MTT assay results showed that 50% of the cell proliferation (IC50) has been inhibited upon T.ammi seed extract treatment for 24hrs incubation. The Dose-dependent studies revealed cytotoxic dose level IC50 of 50μg/ml for T.ammi seed extract on lung cancer cells. It clearly showed that the dose dependent treatments significantly (p<0.001) reduces the cell viability thereby inhibiting the cancer cell proliferation when compared and it was further confirmed with morphological evaluation with microscopic study.

Conclusion: From this study we concluded that the ethanol extract of T.ammi significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation against A549 cells and it might be a potent anti-proliferative value for further evaluation to determine the therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.