Incidence of Benign and Malignant Lesions of Breast

Background: Breast carcinoma is the second most common carcinoma in India. Breast carcinoma can have a good prognosis when detected in an early stage, distinguishing and staging the disease can facilitate the opportunity of giving the best and appropriate treatment ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the incidence of the histopathological spectrum of breast lesions including both benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

Aim: This research is aimed to assess the incidence of histopathological features of benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

Method: It is a retrospective study of histopathological features of benign and malignant lesions of the breast over the past two years in Saveetha medical college. The specimens were received in the pathology department's histopathology section. Fixation, comprehensive sampling, and tissue processing were performed after a complete physical evaluation of the specimens. The different lesions were evaluated and analyzed. Neoplastic lesions were classified according to WHO categorization.

Results: In our analysis, unilateral lesions were far more common (98%) than bilateral lesions. 144 (43.07 percent) of the 334 cases we received throughout the study period were benign, with fibroadenoma accounting for 75 (22.4 percent) of all instances and fibrocystic lesion accounting for the remaining cases of 24 (7.18%). Invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounted for 140 instances of malignancy, was the most prevalent (41.9 percent). The range of age of cases is from 14 years to 77 years. The prevalence of benign lesions was highest in the 15–30 year age group. Among 334 cases, 315 were females and 19 were male.

Conclusion: Differentiating benign from malignant tumors relies heavily on histopathology. It is critical to conduct breast cancer awareness studies, screening programs, and basic training and incentive for women to seek medical attention as soon as a breast lump is palpated, as this can lower the morbidity and mortality associated with breast tumors.