Outcome of Pregnancy in Patients with Pre-Pregnancy Obesity in Douala, Cameroon

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, especially in women of child-bearing age with deleterious effects during pregnancy. This study sort to determine the prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity, its risk factors, socio-obstetrical profile and obstetric outcomes in Douala, Cameroon.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried in Doula from 1st December, 2014 to 28th February, 2015. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from women at their third trimester of pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was computed and the women classified according to their BMIs as obese (BMI ≥30kg/m2) or non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2). These two groups of cohorts were followed up during pregnancy and delivery and the obstetric outcomes were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used in determining factors associated with pre-pregnancy obesity.

Results: Three hundred and fifty participants were enrolled into the study. The prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity was 14.7% (95% CI: 11.1-18.8). It was associated with a family history of obesity [RR= 2.2 (CI: 1.15-4.43)] and increasing maternal age [RR=4.3(CI:1.59-11.41)]. Meanwhile marital status and parity were related to pre-pregnancy obesity, however, there was no statistically significant associations. Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with an increased rate of Caesarean section (P=0.04), nonetheless adverse fetal outcomes.

Conclusion: The prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity in Douala was high. Advanced maternal age, parity, marital status and a family history of obesity were associated with pre-pregnancy obesity. Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with increased caesarean section rate. Therefore, screening for pre-gestational obesity should be encouraged to decrease the rate of caesarean section.