Novel Biotechnological Strategies to Boost Disease Resistance and Enhance Quality Parameters in Horticultural Plants

Horticultural crops face numerous challenges, including various diseases and quality issues that significantly impact productivity and marketability. Traditional methods of disease management and quality improvement often rely on chemical interventions, which can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. In recent years, biotechnological approaches have emerged as promising alternatives to address these challenges in a more sustainable and effective manner. This review paper explores novel biotechnological strategies aimed at enhancing disease resistance and improving quality parameters in horticultural plants. These strategies encompass genetic engineering techniques, such as the introduction of resistance genes, RNA interference, and genome editing, as well as the application of beneficial microorganisms, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Additionally, the potential of nanotechnology in delivering targeted molecules for disease control and quality enhancement is discussed. The review also highlights the importance of marker-assisted selection in accelerating the development of disease-resistant and high-quality varieties. Furthermore, the integration of omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, is explored as a means to unravel the underlying mechanisms of disease resistance and quality traits. The challenges associated with the commercialization and public acceptance of biotechnology-derived horticultural products are also addressed. By providing a comprehensive overview of these novel biotechnological strategies, this review aims to facilitate the development of sustainable and effective solutions for the horticultural industry, ultimately contributing to global food security and consumer satisfaction.